Small businesses can use the understanding of temporal affective patterns to boost productivity by aligning tasks with the natural energy and mood cycles of their employees. For instance, analytic tasks that require high focus and energy can be scheduled in the morning when people are generally more energized and positive. On the other hand, tasks that require creativity and innovation can be scheduled in the afternoon when energy levels drop but the potential for insight increases. Understanding these patterns can help businesses optimize their schedules for maximum productivity.

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Numerous studies have shown that, across all cultures and countries, there is a "temporal affective pattern" that causes people to be more energized and positive in the morning, plummet into a trough in the afternoon, then rebound in the evening. Time-of-day has wide implications: earnings calls held in the morning tend to be more upbeat and positive, with negativity deepening in afternoon calls and only recovering after the closing bell. The time of the call, and the mood it engenders in participants, even influences the companies' stock prices. For analytic tasks, humans perform better in the morning—a University of Chicago study found that scheduling math classes in the first two periods of the day rather than the last two significantly boosted students' math GPA. Innovation and creativity are actually higher in the afternoon, when our energy levels and focus drop; we are less constrained during the afternoon "trough" and more likely to make leaps of insight. About 21% of us are owl...

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When: The Scientific Secrets of Perfect Timing by Daniel H. Pink

Why is it so hard to concentrate in an afternoon meeting? Why do some people do their best work in the middle of the night? Are there ways to counter...

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