Operating profit is a key financial metric in business strategy as it provides an indication of a company's profitability from its core business operations, before interest and taxes. It's calculated by subtracting all variable and fixed costs of production, including overheads, from a company's gross income. This metric is crucial as it reflects the profits made from the company's primary business activities. It can be used to compare companies within the same industry, and it's a good indicator of business efficiency and operational management. Other key financial metrics like net profit, gross profit, and EBITDA are related but they take into account different factors. For example, net profit also includes the effects of interest and taxes, while gross profit only considers the cost of goods sold.

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There are several alternative visualization methods to a Sankey diagram for representing financial data. Some of these include:

1. Bar charts: These are simple and effective for comparing quantities of different categories.

2. Pie charts: These are useful for showing proportions of a whole.

3. Line graphs: These are great for showing trends over time.

4. Area charts: These can be used to represent quantities through different colors and areas.

5. Treemaps: These are useful for showing hierarchical data.

6. Scatter plots: These can be used to show correlations between two variables.

7. Heat maps: These can be used to represent data density or intensity.

Remember, the choice of visualization should depend on the nature of the data and the message you want to convey.

Global companies like Apple and Google can effectively use a Sankey diagram to visualize their income and expenses by representing different income sources and expenses as flows. The width of the flows is proportional to the quantity of each source of income or expense. This allows for a clear, visual representation of where money is coming from and where it is going. It can help these companies to identify key areas of income and major expenses, and to communicate this information effectively to shareholders, employees, and other stakeholders.

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