What are some innovative ideas presented in 'Good Strategy, Bad Strategy' that could surprise readers?

A manufacturing company can apply the strategies discussed in 'Good Strategy, Bad Strategy' by first identifying the critical factors in their situation. This could be anything from market trends, competition, to internal capabilities. Once these factors are identified, the company should design a way to coordinate and focus their actions to deal with these factors. This could involve improving production processes, investing in new technologies, or developing new products to meet market demands. The key is to have a clear and coherent strategy that directly addresses the company's unique challenges and opportunities.

The key takeaways from 'Good Strategy, Bad Strategy' that entrepreneurs or managers can act upon are:

1. Strategy is not about ambition, leadership, vision, or the economic logic of competition. It's about identifying the critical factors in a situation and designing a way to coordinate and focus actions to deal with those factors.

2. Good strategy requires a clear diagnosis of the challenge, a guiding policy for dealing with the challenge, and a set of coherent actions to carry out the guiding policy.

3. Bad strategy is characterized by failure to face the challenge, mistaking goals for strategy, and having fluff, or a form of gibberish masquerading as strategic concepts.

The concepts from 'Good Strategy, Bad Strategy' can be applied in real-world business scenarios by first identifying the critical factors in a situation. This involves understanding the competitive landscape, the company's strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats present. Once these factors are identified, a strategy can be designed to coordinate and focus actions to deal with these factors. This strategy should be clear, concise, and actionable. It should also be regularly reviewed and adjusted as necessary to respond to changes in the business environment.