Question

What are some examples of upstream and downstream operations that contribute to a company's indirect emissions?

Upstream operations that contribute to a company's indirect emissions include activities like material or goods procurement, services purchased, or employee commutes and business travel. These are part of Scope 3 Upstream emissions and are created by production activities. Downstream operations, on the other hand, include the transportation of goods to customers, or the use of sold products and the waste they create. These are part of Scope 3 Downstream emissions.

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Scope 1 covers "direct emissions" from operations, like owned assets such as buildings, equipment or vehicles that burn fuel. Scope 2 covers indirect emissions created from purchased energy to power buildings and vehicles. Scope 3 includes all indirect emissions associated with upstream and downstream operations. This is usually the largest contributor, typically 90% of a company's emissions. Scope 3 Upstream comes first in the value chain and covers emissions created by production activities like material or goods procurement, services purchased, or employee commutes and business travel. Scope 3 Downstream emissions are those that come from the transportation of goods to customers, or the use of sold products and the waste they create.

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