What are the unconventional techniques used by the CEOs in "The Outsiders" that led them to outperform the S&P 500 by twenty times?

Singleton's disregard for investor relations can be seen as a challenge to the contemporary emphasis on corporate transparency and accountability. His approach, which involved extreme decentralization and a lack of investor relations, contrasts with the current trend towards greater transparency and accountability in business. This could spark debates on the necessity and effectiveness of these practices. However, it's important to note that while Singleton's approach worked for his specific context, it may not be applicable or successful in all corporate environments.

A startup can use Singleton's approach of extreme decentralization to grow by driving managerial accountability to the lowest levels. This means that decision-making power is distributed among various levels of the organization, rather than being concentrated at the top. This can lead to increased efficiency, as decisions can be made more quickly and by those who are most familiar with the specific situation. Additionally, this approach can foster a sense of ownership and responsibility among employees, which can lead to increased motivation and productivity. However, it's important to note that this approach may not be suitable for all startups, as it requires a high level of trust and communication within the organization.