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Synopsis

The iconic Nike sporting goods company started over 50 years ago as a 'crazy idea' in the mind of a young runner in Oregon. Shoe Dog - Anecdotes From Nike is Phil Knight's personal memoir of the company that started with him selling running shoes he called Tigers out of the back of his car. Along the way, he learned the importance of assembling a team of brilliant, dedicated, like-minded individuals; of focusing on people before profit; and of not being afraid to stand up to challenges and face them on your own terms.

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A startup can apply the key principles discussed in Shoe Dog to achieve growth by focusing on assembling a team of brilliant, dedicated, like-minded individuals. This is crucial as it ensures that everyone is working towards the same goal. Additionally, prioritizing people before profit can lead to a more sustainable and ethical business model. Lastly, startups should not be afraid to stand up to challenges and face them on their own terms. This means being resilient and adaptable in the face of adversity, which is often a key factor in the success of a startup.

Some of the most innovative or surprising ideas presented in Shoe Dog include the concept of starting a business from scratch with a unique idea, such as selling running shoes out of the back of a car. The importance of assembling a team of brilliant, dedicated, like-minded individuals is also emphasized. The book highlights the idea of focusing on people before profit and not being afraid to stand up to challenges and face them on your own terms.

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In the early days, the Nike management team, the Buttface team, identified strongly with each other and trusted each other. That spirit and ethos came to embody the entire company, where the focus has always been on the athletes and on building trust. The company's "us against the world" approach helped them to overcome some formidable challenges: losing their main Japanese supplier, solving the problem of uneven supply and excess inventory, and even taking on the government over import taxes.

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Nike's ethos has significantly influenced corporate strategies in the sporting goods industry. The company's focus on athletes and building trust has been a key part of its strategy. This "us against the world" approach has helped Nike overcome challenges such as losing their main Japanese supplier, dealing with uneven supply and excess inventory, and even battling the government over import taxes. This ethos has not only shaped Nike's own strategies but has also set a precedent for other companies in the industry, encouraging them to focus on their customers and build strong relationships based on trust.

Some innovative approaches discussed in Shoe Dog that can be applied in traditional sectors include fostering a strong team spirit and trust within the organization, focusing on the needs and wants of the customers, and adopting an "us against the world" approach to overcome challenges. These strategies can be applied in traditional sectors to improve team cohesion, customer satisfaction, and resilience in the face of adversity.

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Sponsoring the runner Steve Prefontaine when he was at a low point in his life gave the young company a formidable spokesman and ambassador for the brand. Deciding to maintain his memorial after his tragic death was emblematic of the people-oriented company Nike was becoming. That connection with its athletes continues to this day.

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Some of the most innovative ideas presented in Shoe Dog include the concept of sponsoring athletes to promote the brand, which was a novel idea at the time. This is exemplified by the sponsorship of Steve Prefontaine, a struggling runner who became a powerful ambassador for Nike. Another innovative idea was the decision to maintain Prefontaine's memorial after his tragic death, symbolizing Nike's people-oriented approach. This connection with athletes continues to be a core part of Nike's brand identity today.

The lessons from Shoe Dog can be applied in today's business environment in several ways. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of perseverance and resilience in the face of challenges, which is crucial in any business. Secondly, it highlights the value of building strong relationships and maintaining a people-oriented approach, as demonstrated by Nike's connection with its athletes. Lastly, it shows the power of branding and the impact of having a strong brand ambassador, which can significantly boost a company's visibility and reputation.

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The inventions of two of Nike's iconic products—the waffle-sole running shoe and Nike Air—came from unexpected sources and went on to revolutionize the world of athletic shoes. There were disasters, too, like the much-hyped Tailwind shoe that literally tore itself to shreds. And there was controversy, particularly the allegations over the use of sweatshops in Asia.

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A startup in the sports industry can learn from the experiences of Nike as narrated in Shoe Dog in several ways. Firstly, they can understand the importance of innovation, as seen in the creation of the waffle-sole running shoe and Nike Air. These products revolutionized the athletic shoe industry and show the value of thinking outside the box. Secondly, startups can learn from Nike's mistakes, such as the failure of the Tailwind shoe, emphasizing the need for thorough product testing. Lastly, the controversy over the use of sweatshops highlights the importance of ethical business practices. Startups must ensure they adhere to fair labor practices to avoid similar controversies.

While the book "Shoe Dog" itself may not have directly influenced the strategies or business models of other sporting goods companies, the story of Nike, as told in the book, has certainly had an impact. Nike's innovative approach to product development, such as the waffle-sole running shoe and Nike Air, has set a standard in the industry for innovation and risk-taking. Additionally, Nike's controversial issues, such as the allegations over the use of sweatshops in Asia, have led to increased scrutiny and changes in how companies manage their supply chains. However, it's important to note that each company's strategy is influenced by a variety of factors, and while Nike's story provides valuable lessons, it's just one piece of the puzzle.

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Phil Knight and Nike turned each stumbling block into a challenge to do better, to achieve more, to keep winning the race.

Summary

Today, the company that started as a 'crazy idea' in the head of a young running enthusiast in Oregon has become Nike, Inc., an iconic sporting goods company, selling shoes and clothes in thousands of stores worldwide and employing over 68,000 people. In its early days, the company was called Blue Ribbon, and comprised nothing more that Phil Knight trying to sell running shoes out of the back of his car. Called Tigers, the shoes were made at a factory in Japan, shipped out to Oregon in batches, and sold one pair at a time. The story of how Blue Ribbon became Nike, of the people Knight met along the way and the trials and tribulations they all faced, is both a personal tale of succeeding against the odds, and a case study in how to follow your dream to create something unique.

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The lessons from Phil Knight's journey with Nike can be applied in today's business environment in several ways. Firstly, it shows the importance of passion and belief in your product or idea. Knight started with a 'crazy idea' and a passion for running, which drove him to create a product he believed in. Secondly, it demonstrates the value of perseverance. Knight faced many challenges in the early days of Nike, but he didn't give up. He continued to push forward, even when things were tough. Lastly, it highlights the importance of innovation. Knight was always looking for ways to improve his products and make them stand out in the market. These lessons can be applied to any business today, regardless of the industry or size of the company.

A traditional retail company can apply the innovative approaches discussed in Shoe Dog by embracing the spirit of entrepreneurship and innovation that characterized Nike's journey. This could involve taking risks, such as investing in new product lines or exploring new markets, just as Phil Knight did when he started selling Tigers. It could also involve fostering a strong company culture that values creativity and perseverance, as was the case with Nike. Additionally, the company could focus on building strong relationships with its customers, much like Nike has done with its target audience of athletes and sports enthusiasts.

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The following stories from Shoe Dog are presented from Knight's perspective.

The Buttface team

In early 1964 I got my first batch of the running shoes I'd ordered from the factory in Japan: twelve pairs of beautiful, creamy white shoes with blue stripes down the sides. I sent two pairs to my old running coach at the University of Oregon, Bill Bowerman, because right then I knew that this dream of mine wasn't just about the shoes, it was about the people who were passionate about running. I needed to work with someone I could trust, someone who understood the importance of what runners put on their feet, and someone who knew me. Bowerman became my first partner, with a 49% stake in the fledgling company.

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Small businesses can apply the principles of focusing on people and passion by first identifying what their business is passionate about and ensuring that this passion is shared by their team. This shared passion can drive the business forward, even in challenging times. Secondly, businesses should focus on people by building strong relationships with their customers, employees, and partners. This can be achieved by understanding their needs, providing excellent service, and creating a positive work environment. Lastly, businesses should be open to partnerships, as demonstrated by Phil Knight in Shoe Dog, where he partnered with his former coach, recognizing the value of working with someone he trusted and who shared his passion for running.

1. Believe in your product: Phil Knight was passionate about running and believed in the quality of his shoes. This belief was infectious and helped him to sell his product.

2. Find the right partners: Knight's partnership with his former coach, Bill Bowerman, was instrumental in the success of Nike. Bowerman not only understood the product but also shared Knight's passion for running.

3. Be persistent: Starting a business is not easy and there will be many challenges along the way. Knight's persistence in the face of adversity was a key factor in Nike's success.

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By 1976, that two-man operation had become a rapidly-growing company, and I had assembled a formidable, if eccentric, five-man management team. I think it was Jeff Johnson who coined our name: we were the Buttface team. As Johnson said, "How many multimillion dollar companies can you call out 'Hey, Buttface,' and the entire management team turns around?" We were certainly a motley crew: two morbidly obese guys, a chain-smoker, and a paralyzed guy in a wheelchair, and we sold athletic shoes? Yet we also had a great deal in common. We were mostly Oregon guys, we all had a deep-seated need to prove ourselves, and we also had a strong streak of self-loathing (which kept the egos in check). Any one of the team could claimed to be the smartest guy in the room but none of them believed it of himself or of the next guy. Years later a Harvard business professor concluded that we were lucky to have a team where more than half the members could think both tactically and strategically; in most businesses, you'd be lucky to have even one manager who could do both. I was lucky to have found four of them.

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Small businesses can apply the key topics and framework covered in Shoe Dog to their own growth strategies by embracing the following principles:

1. Start with a unique idea: Phil Knight started Nike with a unique idea of selling high-quality running shoes. Small businesses need to identify a unique product or service that meets a specific market need.

2. Build a strong team: Knight built a diverse and dedicated team that shared his vision. Small businesses need to assemble a team that complements each other's skills and is committed to the company's success.

3. Embrace challenges: Nike faced numerous challenges in its early years, but it overcame them through perseverance and innovation. Small businesses should view challenges as opportunities for growth and learning.

4. Stay customer-focused: Nike's success is largely due to its focus on meeting the needs of athletes. Small businesses should always prioritize their customers' needs and strive to exceed their expectations.

Phil Knight's focus on people before profit greatly influenced Nike's corporate strategy. He believed in creating a strong team culture and hiring individuals who were passionate about their work. This approach fostered a sense of camaraderie and mutual respect among the team members, which in turn led to increased productivity and innovation. Knight's people-first approach also extended to the company's customers. He understood the importance of creating products that met the needs and wants of the consumers, rather than solely focusing on profit margins. This customer-centric approach has been a key factor in Nike's success and growth.

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Buttface was also the name we gave to our periodic retreats in those early days—we'd reserve a bunch of cabins at an Oregon resort, and spend a couple of days shouting ourselves hoarse in a conference room. No idea was too sacred to be mocked, no person was too important to be ridiculed. I wasn't exempt: my nickname was Bucky the Bookkeeper.

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The Buttface retreats were significant in the growth of Nike as they served as a platform for open and candid discussions. During these retreats, no idea was too sacred to be mocked, and no person was too important to be ridiculed. This environment fostered creativity and innovation, allowing the team to brainstorm and come up with new ideas without fear of judgment or criticism. It also helped in team building, as it created a sense of camaraderie among the team members. This culture of openness and innovation played a crucial role in the growth and success of Nike.

A traditional retail company can apply the innovative approaches discussed in Shoe Dog in several ways. Firstly, they can foster a culture of innovation and creativity, where no idea is too sacred to be mocked, and no person is too important to be ridiculed. This encourages open communication and the free flow of ideas. Secondly, they can organize periodic retreats or brainstorming sessions to generate new ideas and strategies. Lastly, they can embrace risk-taking and not be afraid to venture into uncharted territories, just like how Phil Knight started selling running shoes he called Tigers out of his car.

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It was always us against the world: the guy who had been too fat to make partner at his old firm; the one who couldn't cope in the 'normal' world of nine-to-five; the insurance lawyer who hated insurance and lawyers; and the guy who had lost the dreams of his youth in a freak accident. We were a bunch of born losers who identified with each other and who trusted each other. That was the spirit and the ethos, not just of the team but of the entire company.

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In the context of 'Shoe Dog', trust within a team is portrayed as a crucial element for success. The team at Nike, as described in the book, was composed of individuals who might have been considered 'losers' in conventional terms. However, their shared identification and trust in each other formed the spirit and ethos of the entire company. This trust allowed them to overcome their individual shortcomings and work towards a common goal, ultimately leading to the success of Nike. Trust within a team fosters a sense of belonging, encourages open communication, and promotes collaboration, all of which are vital for a team's success.

Shoe Dog presents several innovative and surprising ideas. One of the most innovative ideas is the concept of building a company around a team of 'born losers' who identified and trusted each other, challenging the traditional notion of success. Another surprising idea is the relentless pursuit of a 'crazy idea', in this case, starting a sporting goods company, despite numerous obstacles. The book also presents the idea of turning personal passion, in this case, running, into a successful business venture.

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This sense of "we're in it together" was the glue that kept us going through all the tough times. It also played out in a lot of other ways. For example, by 1979 we had 300 employees, and needed to move to a bigger space. But, to make sure we stayed true to who we were, the company moved the way we had always moved: all 300 employees came in on the weekend, packed up their stuff in their own cars and, with the help of beer, pizza, and some of the guys from the warehouse, caravanned down the road to the new space. We were a team and everyone pitched in.

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Other companies can learn several lessons from Nike's approach to team building and facing challenges. Firstly, fostering a sense of unity and camaraderie among employees can be a powerful motivator, especially during tough times. This can be achieved by promoting a culture of mutual support and collective responsibility. Secondly, involving everyone in important decisions and changes, such as moving to a new office space, can make employees feel valued and part of the company's journey. Lastly, providing informal, relaxed settings for team building, like Nike did with pizza and beer during their move, can help strengthen interpersonal relationships and boost morale.

The team spirit at Nike played a significant role in its growth and success. This sense of unity and camaraderie was the glue that held the company together during tough times. It fostered a culture of mutual support and collective effort, which was evident in various aspects of the company's operations. For instance, when the company needed to move to a larger space, all 300 employees came in on the weekend, packed up their stuff in their own cars, and moved to the new space. This demonstrated the team spirit and everyone's willingness to pitch in for the company's success.

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More than just a business

For some companies, it's all about pursuing profits; but for us the business was never about making money. I believe that if what you're doing ever becomes just a business, then it's a bad business. For us, it was about the athletes, and it was about trust. By 1972 Blue Ribbon had started developing a new line of shoes, called Nike, which we were trying to sell alongside the Tigers that we had been making. We had no idea how to get our customers to give these new shoes a chance; we weren't even sure they were all that good. The Tigers were a known quantity, but Nike? What was that? At a convention that year we stocked our booth with Tigers and with Nikes, and were surprised when people actually placed orders with us for the new shoes, big orders. I remember Jeff Johnson was baffled—why were buyers willing to put down money for a new, untested shoe? A representative from one of our biggest accounts laughed at Johnson and said, "You guys always shoot straight. So, if you say this new shoe, this Nike, is worth a shot, we believe." That trust was worth more than any ad campaign.

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The lessons from Phil Knight's memoir, Shoe Dog, can be applied in today's business environment in several ways. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of passion and belief in your product or service. Knight's dedication to athletes and trust in his product were key to Nike's success. Secondly, it highlights the value of taking risks. Knight was willing to introduce a new line of shoes, Nike, despite the uncertainty of its acceptance. This risk-taking and innovation are crucial in today's rapidly changing business environment. Lastly, it underscores the importance of honesty and integrity in business. Nike's reputation for 'shooting straight' helped them gain customer trust and loyalty, which is vital in any business.

Companies have used various innovative strategies to introduce new products. One common strategy is leveraging the brand's reputation and trust with customers, as Nike did in 1972. They introduced their new line of shoes alongside their already popular Tigers, capitalizing on their established credibility. Another strategy is to create a buzz or hype around the product before its launch. This can be done through marketing campaigns, celebrity endorsements, or exclusive previews. Companies also often offer introductory prices or special promotions to encourage customers to try the new product. Additionally, companies may use technology and social media to reach a wider audience and engage customers in unique ways.

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If a young person were to ask me for advice, I'd say, think about the next forty years and how you want to spend your time. Don't settle for a job or even a career, look for a calling. If you're following your calling, then the fatigue, the disappointments, and the lows will be easier to bear, and the highs will be like nothing you can imagine.

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Shoe Dog presents several surprising insights about the journey of building Nike. One of the key insights is the importance of following one's calling, as emphasized by Phil Knight. He suggests that when one is passionate about their work, they can endure the lows and enjoy the highs in a way that is unimaginable. Another insight is the humble beginnings of Nike, which started as a 'crazy idea' in Knight's mind and involved him selling running shoes out of his car. The book also highlights the importance of perseverance and resilience in the face of challenges.

Some key takeaways from Phil Knight's memoir, Shoe Dog, that can be applied by young entrepreneurs are:

1. Follow your passion: Knight emphasizes the importance of finding a calling, not just a job or a career. This passion will help you endure the inevitable challenges and setbacks.

2. Embrace the journey: Knight's journey was filled with highs and lows. He suggests that the journey, with all its ups and downs, is what makes the success worthwhile.

3. Be persistent: Knight faced numerous obstacles in building Nike, but he never gave up. His persistence is a key lesson for any entrepreneur.

4. Innovate: Knight was always looking for ways to improve his products and business. This constant innovation was a key factor in Nike's success.

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This ethos of being more than just a business informed everything we did. By 1977 we realized, people liked the look of our shoes, but they also liked our story: an Oregon firm founded by running geeks. They liked what wearing Nikes said about them. We weren't just a brand, we were a statement.

Changing the story

Our us-against-the-world story gave us the strength not only to face many challenges over the years, but to take those challenges and turn them on their head. In 1972, we hit a major roadblock—our main Japanese supplier, Onitsuka, the company that had been manufacturing Tiger shoes for Blue Ribbon, declared us in breach of contract for bringing out our own Nike shoes. This was a potentially devastating blow. Could the company survive?

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1. Be prepared for unexpected challenges: Contractual disputes can arise unexpectedly, as it did for Nike with Onitsuka. Businesses should always be prepared for such situations.

2. Turn challenges into opportunities: Nike used the dispute as an opportunity to launch its own brand of shoes. Similarly, businesses can use contractual disputes as a chance to reassess their strategies and find new opportunities.

3. Seek legal advice: In complex contractual disputes, it's crucial to seek legal advice to understand the implications and the best course of action.

The book 'Shoe Dog' illustrates the importance of team building in business through various anecdotes and experiences of Phil Knight, the founder of Nike. One of the key themes in the book is the 'us-against-the-world' mentality that Knight and his team adopted. This mentality helped them face numerous challenges and even turn them into opportunities. For instance, when their main Japanese supplier, Onitsuka, declared them in breach of contract, the team's unity and resilience helped them survive this potentially devastating blow. Thus, the book underscores the significance of a strong, united team in overcoming business obstacles and achieving success.

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I gathered everyone in the conference room and delivered the bad news to about 30 people. Everyone was stunned; they started slumping forward, sinking. I had to do something to turn this around. So, I cleared my throat: "What I'm trying to say is, we've got them right where we want them." Everyone sat up straighter. "This is the moment we've been waiting for. Our moment. No more selling someone else's brand." It would be tough, it would be open warfare, but this was our chance to succeed on our own terms, with our own brand. I reminded everyone: we'd sold two million shoes the year before, and that was down to us, not to Onitsuka. I told them, this was our Independence Day. Later, Johnson told me that speech was my finest hour. But I knew what really mattered; I'd told the truth and I'd used it to change the story.

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Shoe Dog, the memoir of Phil Knight, the founder of Nike, discusses several themes relevant to contemporary business issues and debates. One of the key themes is the importance of innovation and risk-taking in business. Knight started Nike with a 'crazy idea' and faced numerous challenges, including legal battles and financial difficulties. However, he persisted and turned his idea into a global brand. This theme resonates with today's business environment where innovation and risk-taking are often seen as key to success. Another theme is the power of branding. Knight's decision to create his own brand rather than selling someone else's was a turning point for Nike. This theme is particularly relevant in today's business world where branding is often seen as a key differentiator. Finally, the book also touches on the theme of resilience in the face of adversity, a theme that is very relevant in today's volatile and uncertain business environment.

Shoe Dog presents several innovative ideas. One of the most surprising is the concept of turning a crisis into an opportunity. When Nike was faced with a major setback, instead of giving up, they used it as a chance to create their own brand. This idea of resilience and innovation in the face of adversity is a recurring theme in the book. Another innovative idea is the importance of truth in leadership. The book emphasizes that leaders should not only tell the truth, but also use it to change the narrative and inspire their team.

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Another big challenge came in 1973: now, we were hitting major supply problems. Everyone wanted running shoes, but the supply was uneven. How could we significantly boost our supply without taking on huge inventory risks? The big guys, Adidas and Puma, they had the same problem; but for an upstart like us, getting the numbers wrong could tip us into bankruptcy. We struggled through the summer to come up with a solution. Then, in the fall, I had an idea: we'd solve our supply problems by changing the whole relationship with our stores. We told our biggest retailers that we were launching an innovative new program called Futures—if they signed firm commitments on large and non-refundable orders, six months in advance, we'd give them a hefty 7% discount. In one step, we'd have longer lead times, fewer shipments, and more certainty. The retailers resisted, but I kept telling them that they'd better get on board because this was the way of the future. Between my bold predictions and several eye-popping new shoes being rolled out, the Futures program slowly gained traction. Eventually, even the holdouts signed up.

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The Futures program fundamentally changed Nike's relationship with their retailers by shifting the risk of inventory management from Nike to the retailers. Retailers were required to make firm commitments on large and non-refundable orders six months in advance, in exchange for a 7% discount. This allowed Nike to have longer lead times, fewer shipments, and more certainty. The impact on their business model was significant as it reduced their inventory risks and provided more predictability in their supply chain.

In 1973, Nike launched an innovative program called Futures to solve their supply problems. The program involved changing the relationship with their stores. Nike asked their biggest retailers to sign firm commitments on large and non-refundable orders, six months in advance, in exchange for a hefty 7% discount. This allowed Nike to have longer lead times, fewer shipments, and more certainty. Despite initial resistance from retailers, the program was implemented as it was seen as the way of the future.

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Perhaps the scariest and most audacious example of changing the story started in 1977 with an envelope. It didn't look like much, that envelope, but inside was something that started me shaking: a bill from the U.S. government for $25 million. The government claimed we owed three years of customs duties because of some obscure old duty-assessing method called the American Selling Price. If this was for real, we were in trouble; no way we could pay a $25 million assessment. That was almost our entire sales number for the year; and even if we managed to find a way to pay the bill, we couldn't keep paying such hefty duties every year. Everything we had achieved would be destroyed. The ASP said that import duties on nylon shoes must be 20% of the manufacturing cost of the shoe; unless there's a similar shoe manufactured in the U.S., in which case the duty must be 20% of the competitors selling price. And that's what our competitors had done: make a few shoes in the U.S., get them declared "similar," then price them high to send our import duties soaring. We had to fight with everything we had. We put together a legal team, held endless meetings, went to Washington, DC to argue our case. The case dragged on and on.

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Companies applying the concepts from Shoe Dog might face several obstacles. Firstly, they might struggle with financial instability, as Nike did in its early years. Overcoming this requires careful financial planning and possibly seeking external investment. Secondly, they might face legal challenges, such as the customs duties issue Nike encountered. This can be mitigated by having a strong legal team and understanding international trade laws. Lastly, they might face competition, as Nike did with other shoe manufacturers. Overcoming this requires innovation, strong branding, and understanding of the market.

Shoe Dog provides several insights into how Nike has influenced corporate strategies and business models. One of the key takeaways is the company's audacious approach to change and innovation. This is exemplified by the company's response to a $25 million bill from the U.S. government for customs duties. Instead of folding under the pressure, Nike challenged the status quo and fought against the traditional duty-assessing method, the American Selling Price (ASP). This bold move not only saved the company but also set a precedent for other businesses facing similar challenges. Furthermore, Nike's strategy of starting small, with Phil Knight selling running shoes out of his car, and gradually building a global brand has become a model for many startups today.

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Finally, in 1980, I told the team, we need to do something crazy: we need to 'American Selling Price' ourselves. We launched a cheap new running shoe, the One Line, a knockoff with nylon uppers and a simple logo, manufactured at a plant in the U.S. We priced it low, just above cost. Now, customs officials would have to use this 'competitor' shoe as a new reference point in deciding our import duty. That was the opening move to get the feds' attention. Next, we launched a TV commercial telling the story of the little Oregon company fighting the big bad government: a runner on a lonely road, with a voiceover talking about patriotism, liberty, and the American way. Finally, the closing move—we filed a $25 million antitrust suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that our competitors were using underhanded practices to try to drive us out of business. At that point, the government initiated settlement talks. In spring 1980 the lawyers agreed on a final settlement; $9 million. I hated writing that check, but it was the best deal we would get. More important, we'd managed to take on our competitors and the government, and beat them at their own game.

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Small businesses can learn from Nike's strategy of focusing on people before profit by prioritizing the needs and interests of their customers, employees, and community. This can be achieved by creating high-quality products that meet customer needs, fostering a positive and inclusive work environment, and contributing to the local community. By doing so, businesses can build a strong brand reputation and customer loyalty, which can lead to long-term profitability.

The launch of the One Line shoe by Nike had significant implications on the sporting goods industry. Firstly, it introduced a new, affordable product into the market, which likely attracted a broader consumer base. Secondly, it set a new reference point for import duties, potentially affecting the cost structure of other companies in the industry. Lastly, it sparked a legal battle that brought attention to alleged underhanded practices within the industry, possibly leading to changes in competition and regulation.

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Run like Pre

Back in 1970, I'd heard about the fastest middle-distance runner in the world, a young Oregonian brimming with self-confidence, called Steve Prefontaine. At that time, we were still a small, struggling company called Blue Ribbon; importing batches of running shoes from Japan, trying to figure out how to get them distributed and sold, with no budget for sponsoring athletes. But I kept my eye on the young guy from Oregon who was coached by my friend and partner Bill Bowerman. By 1972 we had started making Nike shoes and Steve, now known as Pre, was a track and field superstar. He was a fluid, poetic runner, an extrovert who pushed hard to win, and I really wanted him as a Nike athlete. But at the 1972 Olympics, haunted by the terrorist attacks that hit the games that year, Pre came in fourth. After that, he was despondent, adrift, and above all broke.

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Phil Knight's approach to building a successful team at Nike offers several lessons. First, he recognized the importance of talent and was willing to invest in it, as seen in his pursuit of Steve Prefontaine. Second, he valued partnerships and collaborations, as evidenced by his relationship with Bill Bowerman. Third, he was not afraid to take risks and innovate, as shown by the creation of Nike shoes. Lastly, he understood the power of branding and the importance of associating his product with successful athletes.

The partnership between Phil Knight and Steve Prefontaine played a significant role in the growth of Nike. Prefontaine, a renowned middle-distance runner, became a Nike athlete, which helped to elevate the brand's status in the sports world. Despite his disappointing performance at the 1972 Olympics, Prefontaine's association with Nike provided the company with a high-profile athlete endorsement, which was crucial for a young company trying to establish itself in a competitive market. This partnership not only boosted Nike's visibility but also helped to solidify its reputation as a brand for serious athletes.

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So, in 1973, to give him a sense of purpose and get him back on his feet, we hired Pre as our National Director of Public Affairs. He was our second celebrity athlete endorser. Our first was a fiery young Romanian tennis player who tore his way through the Rainier International Classic tournament in the fall of 1972 in a brand-new pair of Nike Match Points. His name was Ilie Nastase. After the tournament, I got ahold of his agent and negotiated a sponsorship deal for $10,000.

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Shoe Dog does not explicitly discuss the concept of focusing on people before profit in contemporary business debates. However, it does highlight the importance of people in the success of a business. For instance, Phil Knight, the founder of Nike, hired Pre, a well-known athlete, as their National Director of Public Affairs to give him a sense of purpose. This shows that Knight valued people and their contributions, which indirectly led to the profit and success of Nike. It's important to note that while the book provides insights into the journey of Nike, it does not delve into contemporary business debates.

One surprising strategy presented in Shoe Dog is the use of celebrity athlete endorsements. This was a novel idea at the time and helped Nike gain visibility and credibility. The first celebrity athlete to endorse Nike was Ilie Nastase, a fiery young Romanian tennis player. Another surprising idea was hiring Pre, a struggling athlete, as their National Director of Public Affairs to give him a sense of purpose and get him back on his feet.

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Pre-was a phenomenon; he spent 1973 on a cross-country road trip, going to track meets, colleges, and state fairs. Everywhere he went, people wanted to meet him, and everywhere he went he touted our new Nike shoes. He was our star ambassador, holding clinics, serving as a model for new shoe designs, and sending pairs of Nikes to fellow runners with a note saying, "Try these, you'll love them." By the end of 1974 he was back in top form, smashing American running records and doing it in Nikes. The last time I saw him run was at a meet in Eugene in May 1975. As usual, he was incredible; going up against some of the best runners in the world he went into the final laps of the 5,000 meters in second place, then did what Pre always did best. He dug deep and pulled out some new reserve of energy, powering onward to win the race. The next morning, I got the call: on his way home from the postrace party, he'd lost control of his car, hit a boulder, and died. He was 24.

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Pre's dedication and commitment as an ambassador for Nike teaches us the importance of passion and belief in a product or brand. He was not just an ambassador, but a believer in the product he was promoting. He used the product himself, set records in it, and personally recommended it to others. This shows the power of authentic endorsement and the impact it can have on a brand's reputation and success. His dedication also highlights the value of hard work, perseverance, and the will to win, traits that are not only applicable in sports but in any field.

Pre's death was a significant loss for Nike. As a star ambassador, he was instrumental in promoting Nike shoes and was a model for new shoe designs. His endorsement and personal use of Nike shoes in smashing American running records significantly boosted the brand's reputation. His tragic death likely caused a great deal of grief among the Nike team and potentially impacted their marketing and promotion strategies. However, his legacy likely continued to influence the brand's image and reputation positively.

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At the time of his death, Pre held every American distance record, from 2,000 to 10,000 meters, from two miles to six. But, more than an athlete, he was a legend who fired our imagination. He didn't just want to be the best runner, he wanted to break all the rules holding back amateur athletes, and help them realize their full potential.

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Some key lessons that can be learned from Pre's determination in 'Shoe Dog - Anecdotes From Nike' include the importance of challenging the status quo and pushing boundaries. Pre's desire to break the rules that held back amateur athletes shows the value of questioning existing systems and norms. His story also emphasizes the power of passion and dedication in achieving one's goals. Furthermore, it illustrates the potential that can be unlocked when individuals are given the opportunity to fully realize their abilities.

The lessons from Phil Knight's memoir, such as focusing on people before profit, can be applied in today's business environment in several ways. Firstly, businesses can prioritize the well-being and development of their employees, as happy and motivated employees are more likely to be productive and contribute to the success of the business. Secondly, businesses can focus on building strong relationships with their customers, as customer satisfaction is key to business success. Lastly, businesses can also focus on making a positive impact on the community and the environment, as this can enhance their reputation and attract more customers.

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Within days, the spot where he had died became a makeshift shrine, with people leaving flowers, notes, gifts, even Nikes. We decided the rock site needed to be curated. We didn't know how we'd afford to do something like that, but we all agreed: as long as we were in business we'd find the money for things like that.

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Shoe Dog, the memoir of Nike's founder Phil Knight, has influenced corporate strategies and business models in several ways. Firstly, it emphasizes the importance of passion and perseverance in entrepreneurship. Knight's journey shows that with determination and a clear vision, one can overcome numerous obstacles to build a successful company. Secondly, it highlights the significance of innovation. Nike's success is largely attributed to its continuous innovation in product design and marketing strategies. Lastly, it underscores the value of building strong relationships with customers and employees. Knight's story demonstrates that businesses thrive when they prioritize people and cultivate a strong company culture.

A startup can use the key topics or framework covered in Shoe Dog to grow by learning from Phil Knight's experiences. The book provides insights into how Knight built Nike from the ground up, facing numerous challenges and setbacks along the way. Startups can learn about the importance of perseverance, innovation, and building a strong team. They can also understand the value of branding and marketing strategies, as well as the need to adapt to changing market conditions. However, it's important to note that every startup's journey is unique and what worked for Nike might not necessarily work for others.

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Pre always said, "Somebody may beat me—but they're going to have to bleed to do it." And that became my mantra. Some banker, creditor, or competitor may try to stop me, but they're going to have to bleed to do it.

The athlete connection

Right from the early days, we knew that the key to success first for Blue Ribbon and then for Nike was not just getting athletes to wear our shoes and clothes, but forging real relationships with them. It's one of the things about Nike that I am most proud of. There's something very special that passes between me and most of the athletes that I work with. It's usually brief, but it almost always happens; a connection, a camaraderie. It's what I was searching for back in 1962. I'd graduated from the University of Oregon and then earned a master's in business from Stanford, and was trying to figure out how to realize my crazy idea. In a paper for a class on entrepreneurship, I'd laid out a plan for a company that used the nascent Japanese manufacturing prowess to make running shoes. But, I had no idea how to bring that plan to life. So, I spent a year travelling the world, searching for what might come next, and trying to make connections.

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Years later, those connections, that camaraderie, would pay off in surprising ways. I was at some event, in July 2005, when LeBron James asked for a private word. He said, when he first signed with Nike he didn't know much about the company, so he'd been reading up on our history. He'd realized that I was the founder and that Nike as a company was born in 1972. "So I went to my jeweler and had them find a Rolex watch from 1972." And he handed me a watch. It was engraved, "With thanks for taking a chance on me." We didn't take that much of a chance, of course; LeBron was pretty much a sure thing. But in one sense he was right—it's always been about taking a chance on people, about being willing to find the connection.

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A traditional retail company can apply Nike's innovative approach of taking a chance on people by investing in their employees and customers. This could involve hiring individuals with unique skills or ideas, even if they don't fit the traditional retail mold. It could also mean taking risks on new customer-centric initiatives, even if they don't guarantee immediate returns. By fostering a culture of innovation and risk-taking, a retail company can potentially uncover new opportunities and drive growth.

Nike's strategy of taking a chance on people has broader implications in terms of fostering innovation, talent development, and brand loyalty. By investing in individuals, Nike is able to tap into their unique skills and perspectives, which can lead to innovative ideas and products. This strategy also helps in talent development as it provides opportunities for individuals to grow and excel in their respective fields. Furthermore, by taking a chance on people, Nike is able to build strong relationships and loyalty, which is crucial for brand reputation and customer retention.

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In 2000 my oldest son, Matthew, died in a freak scuba diving accident in El Salvador. Within hours, the news was everywhere; my wife Penny and I shut ourselves away and fell apart in grief. And every Nike athlete, every single one, got in touch. They wrote, emailed, and called. The first call, at 7:30am the day after the news broke, was from Tiger Woods. Our athletes are part of our family.

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Yes, there are several companies that have successfully implemented the practice of focusing on people before profit. Some examples include Patagonia, The Body Shop, and Ben & Jerry's. These companies have prioritized their employees, customers, and communities, often leading to increased loyalty and long-term profitability.

Companies might face several obstacles when trying to implement a people-first approach. Firstly, it requires a significant shift in mindset from profit-driven to people-driven, which can be challenging for some organizations. Secondly, it may require substantial investment in employee development and welfare, which could impact short-term profitability. Lastly, there might be resistance from employees who are used to traditional hierarchical structures. To overcome these obstacles, companies need to communicate the benefits of the people-first approach clearly to all stakeholders, invest in training and development, and gradually implement changes to minimize resistance.

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Waffles and air

In 1971 my old coach and partner Bill Bowerman had started experimenting with a new sole for our running shoes, something that would grip the track but still be light and flexible. He was drawn to the grid pattern on his wife's waffle iron, and came up with a prototype that he thought could work. After a few more months of experimenting, in 1972 I filed patent application number 284,736 for a shoe with an "improved sole having integral polygon shaped studs…of square, rectangular or triangle cross section…[and] a plurality of flat sides which provide gripping edges that give greatly improved traction." We didn't know it at the time, but Bowerman had just revolutionized the athletic shoe.

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The ideas from Shoe Dog have been implemented in real-world scenarios within the athletic shoe industry in several ways. One of the most significant is the development of a new sole for running shoes. This idea was conceived by Bill Bowerman, who was inspired by the grid pattern on his wife's waffle iron. After several months of experimentation, a patent was filed for a shoe with an 'improved sole having integral polygon shaped studs…of square, rectangular or triangle cross section… a plurality of flat sides which provide gripping edges that give greatly improved traction.' This innovation revolutionized the athletic shoe industry by providing better traction and flexibility for athletes.

Potential obstacles companies might face when applying the concepts from Shoe Dog could include resistance to change, lack of resources, and fear of failure. Overcoming these obstacles requires a strong leadership team that is willing to take risks and push boundaries. It also requires a culture of innovation and a willingness to learn from mistakes. Companies can also overcome these obstacles by investing in research and development, seeking external funding, and building strong relationships with stakeholders.

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By 1976, demand for Bowerman's waffle sole trainer was strong. With its pillowy midsole cushion, bright red upper, and fat white Nike swoosh, the shoe was drawing thousands of new customers to the Nike fold, and I wondered: what would it take to get people to wear this shoe everywhere, to class, to the grocery store, even to the office? Adidas had tried to do this with a couple of its shoes, but without much success. And that's when I had a moment of inspiration: make 'em in blue, to go better with jeans! It worked—the new blue waffle trainer was a huge hit, Nike became a household name, not just a brand, and finally we were seeing the kind of sales numbers that transformed our company. Later that year, we incorporated as Nike, Inc.

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Yes, several companies have used similar strategies to Nike to increase their product's popularity. For instance, Apple Inc. has used product differentiation and innovation, much like Nike did with its unique shoe designs. Apple's unique designs and innovative technology have made its products highly popular and recognizable. Another example is Adidas, which has also used product differentiation and celebrity endorsements to increase the popularity of its products. They have collaborated with celebrities and designers to create unique, limited-edition lines, similar to Nike's collaborations with athletes.

Nike faced several challenges in making their shoes a household name. One of the main challenges was the competition with established brands like Adidas. Additionally, they had to figure out how to make their shoes appealing to a wider audience, not just athletes. They also had to deal with the challenge of creating a shoe that was not only functional for sports but also fashionable for everyday wear. One of their successful strategies was to introduce different color options, like blue, to match with everyday outfits like jeans. This helped Nike to become more than just a sports brand and transformed it into a household name.

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The following year brought the seed of another transformation from an inauspicious start. A former aerospace engineer, M. Frank Rudy, came into the office with his partner Bob Bogert, and pitched their Crazy Idea: injecting air into a running shoe. It sounded like something out of a comic book, but Rudy was persistent. Finally, I agreed to stuff one of his air soles into my own shoes and go for a run. Six miles later, I was convinced, and Rudy began working on prototypes for what became the Nike Air.

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Small businesses can use the concept of "Crazy Idea" for growth by embracing innovation and risk-taking. This involves thinking outside the box and being open to unconventional ideas, much like Nike did when they decided to inject air into a running shoe. This idea, though it seemed crazy at first, led to the creation of the iconic Nike Air, a product that significantly contributed to Nike's growth. Small businesses can similarly grow by being open to new ideas, testing them, and implementing the ones that work.

M. Frank Rudy's air-injected shoe idea was a game-changer in the footwear industry. It was a novel concept that combined technology and footwear to enhance the user's comfort and performance. This idea led to the creation of the iconic Nike Air, which became a significant product for Nike, contributing to its global success. The broader implications in the business world include the importance of innovation and the willingness to embrace 'crazy ideas' that can potentially disrupt the market. It also highlights the value of cross-industry knowledge transfer, as Rudy was an aerospace engineer applying his expertise to the footwear industry.

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Learning from failure

In late 1978, we launched the Tailwind—a shiny silver shoe stuffed full of a dozen innovations, including Rudy's patented air soles. We hyped this thing to the heavens, with a splashy ad campaign and dreams of something that would eclipse even the waffle trainer. In a matter of weeks, the dream turned to dust. The Tailwind was a disaster. Customers were returning the shoes to stores, complaining that they fell apart. A shoe autopsy revealed the problem: bits of metal in that silver paint acted like razor blades on the shoe's upper, shredding the fabric. Half of the first generation of Tailwinds ended up in the recycling bins.

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After the failure of the Tailwind shoe, Nike took several steps to recover. They conducted a thorough investigation to identify the problem, which turned out to be bits of metal in the silver paint that were damaging the shoe's fabric. They then focused on improving their quality control processes to prevent such issues in the future. Nike also continued to innovate and launch new products, learning from their mistakes. They didn't let the failure of the Tailwind deter them, but used it as a learning experience to improve their future products.

The failure of the Tailwind shoe was a significant setback for Nike. It was hyped with a major ad campaign and was expected to be a game-changer with its innovative features. However, the shoe turned out to be a disaster, with customers returning them due to quality issues. This incident likely damaged Nike's reputation, as it showed a lack of quality control and failed to meet customer expectations. It also resulted in financial losses due to product recalls and refunds. However, Nike managed to recover from this setback and continued to innovate, maintaining its position as a leading brand in the sports footwear industry.

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We were devastated. But, we'd also learned a valuable lesson: don't put twelve innovations into one shoe. It's just too much for a shoe to carry, and too much for a design team to pull off, too. Ultimately, we were able to move on. Fear of failure could not be our downfall as a company. We always known we'd fail at some point; we just had to have faith that we'd do it fast, learn from it, and be better for it.

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The theme of overcoming failure in Shoe Dog is highly relevant to contemporary issues and debates. In today's fast-paced and competitive world, failure is often seen as a setback or a sign of weakness. However, Phil Knight's journey with Nike, as depicted in Shoe Dog, shows that failure can be a stepping stone to success. This resonates with the current emphasis on resilience, adaptability, and continuous learning in both personal and professional spheres. It also ties into debates around the importance of fostering a growth mindset, where challenges are seen as opportunities for growth rather than insurmountable obstacles.

Shoe Dog presents several innovative ideas. One of the most surprising is the concept of embracing failure as a part of the process. The book recounts how Nike, in its early days, attempted to put twelve innovations into one shoe, which ended in failure. However, instead of being deterred, they learned from this experience and used it to improve. This idea of failing fast, learning from it, and becoming better is a key theme in the book. Another innovative idea is the concept of starting small and dreaming big. Phil Knight started by selling shoes from the trunk of his car, but he had the vision of creating a global brand.

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Moving on from controversy

One of the worst periods for me, a time when I felt a deep sense of betrayal, was when Nike was attacked for conditions in our overseas factories. The media talked about sweatshops, but they never talked about how much better the factories were once we started running them, about all the improvements we made, not to mention the fact that we were only renters of those facilities, not owners.

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The ideas from "Shoe Dog" can be implemented in real-world business scenarios in several ways. Firstly, the book emphasizes the importance of perseverance and resilience in the face of adversity, which is a crucial trait for any business facing challenges. Secondly, it highlights the value of innovation and thinking outside the box, which can help businesses stay ahead of their competition. Lastly, it underscores the significance of ethical business practices, as seen in Nike's efforts to improve conditions in their overseas factories.

From Shoe Dog, we can learn that it's crucial to take responsibility for the conditions in factories, even if they are not directly owned by the company. Phil Knight, the founder of Nike, improved the conditions in the factories they rented, which shows that businesses can and should strive to ensure decent working conditions, regardless of ownership. This can be achieved by implementing strict standards, regular inspections, and fostering open communication with workers.

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Still, I handled the whole controversy badly—I was self-righteous, petulant, and angry, which was about the worst possible reaction. Eventually the company got past its emotional response and realized that whether or not we were being made a scapegoat was irrelevant. The fact was, we needed to do better. So, we decided to show the world just how much Nike could do, using the crisis of bad headlines to reinvent the way our products were made. We would go from being the target of factory reformers to a major player in the reform movement.

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In the context of Shoe Dog, the concept of using a crisis as an opportunity for reform is demonstrated when Nike faced a controversy. Instead of dwelling on the negative aspects, they used it as a chance to improve and reinvent their production methods. They transitioned from being the target of factory reformers to becoming a significant participant in the reform movement. This approach allowed them to turn a challenging situation into a chance for growth and improvement.

'Shoe Dog' relates to contemporary issues and debates about corporate responsibility and reform by showcasing Nike's journey from being a target of factory reformers to becoming a major player in the reform movement. The book highlights the company's initial defensive and negative reaction to criticism, and its eventual realization of the need for improvement. This narrative reflects the ongoing debates about corporate responsibility, particularly in terms of labor practices and environmental impact. It serves as a case study of how corporations can respond to criticism, learn from their mistakes, and take proactive steps towards reform.

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For example, the rubber room used to be the worst part of any shoe factory, full of the toxic fumes used to bond uppers and soles. Nike invented a water-based bonding agent that gives off no fumes, so eliminating most of the carcinogens in the air—and we gave the process freely to our competitors, too.

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The ideas in Shoe Dog have significant potential for real-world implementation. The book chronicles the journey of Nike, which started as a small business and grew into a global brand. It emphasizes innovation, perseverance, and the willingness to take risks. For instance, Nike invented a water-based bonding agent that eliminated toxic fumes in shoe factories, demonstrating their commitment to innovation and social responsibility. These principles can be applied in various business scenarios to drive growth and success.

The themes in Shoe Dog are highly relevant to contemporary issues and debates. The book discusses entrepreneurship, innovation, and the challenges of growing a business, which are all pertinent topics in today's business world. It also touches on issues of sustainability and corporate responsibility, as seen in Nike's development of a water-based bonding agent to reduce toxic fumes in their factories. These themes align with ongoing discussions about the role of businesses in addressing environmental concerns.

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One key development that came out of the crisis was a major effort by Nike to help break the cycles of poverty in the poorest parts of the world. Partnering with the United Nations and other corporations, we created the Girl Effect — a massive global campaign to educate, connect, and lift up young girls. Why girls? Because the academics, and our own hearts, told us that helping the most vulnerable to thrive, i.e., young girls, would help everyone. The campaign creates safe spaces for girls to study, organizes against child marriage, and gives girls access to the resources that can change their lives.

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The Girl Effect initiative, created by Nike in partnership with the United Nations and other corporations, aims to break the cycles of poverty in the poorest parts of the world. The initiative focuses on educating, connecting, and uplifting young girls, who are often the most vulnerable. The campaign creates safe spaces for girls to study, organizes against child marriage, and provides girls with access to resources that can change their lives.

The Girl Effect campaign by Nike works against child marriage by creating safe spaces for girls to study, organizing against child marriage, and providing girls with access to resources that can change their lives. This campaign is a part of Nike's effort to break the cycles of poverty in the poorest parts of the world. By focusing on helping the most vulnerable, i.e., young girls, they believe it would help everyone.

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There were so many things I could have done differently that would have prevented the whole sweatshop crisis; but it has led to something wonderful, both inside and outside the company.

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